Is Economic Growth Inclusive in Punjab, Pakistan? A District-Level Assessment Using the Composite Index

This paper develops a composite Inclusive Growth Index (IGI) for 36 districts of Punjab, Pakistan, incorporating six overarching dimensions: (i) economic, (ii) amenities, (iii) gender equity and financial inclusion, (iv) human development, (v) governance, and (vi) sustainability. Following the OECD Handbook of Composite Indices methodology, the study constructs a spatially disaggregated picture of inclusive growth performance across Punjab’s districts. The spatial mapping of the IGI reveals significant intra-provincial disparities, with peripheral districts systematically lagging on multiple dimensions of inclusive growth. Findings provide an evidence-based basis for targeting public investment and policy interventions toward the most excluded districts, contributing to Punjab’s sustainable and equitable development agenda.