The experience of living in poverty affects social life in far-reaching ways, with health status among its most significant impacts. This study analyses the effects of poverty, income, and education on human health using panel data econometrics. Health is examined both as a macro-level cornerstone of economic development and as an individual-level enabler of economic productivity. The analysis extends the South Asian evidence base on poverty-health linkages, contributing to a growing body of work on the economic consequences of ill-health and the health consequences of economic deprivation. Empirical findings inform policy recommendations at the intersection of social protection, public health investment, and poverty reduction strategy.