Housing provision is a critical challenge in both developed and developing countries, but the scale of the problem is most acute in under-developed countries (UDCs) facing rapid population growth and rural-urban migration. This book chapter examines the challenge of low-cost housing — the gap between rapidly growing demand and constrained affordability — and reviews available solutions across construction technology, financing mechanisms, land tenure reform, and policy frameworks. The chapter identifies practical low-cost housing strategies relevant to Pakistan’s urban context, assessing their applicability, scalability, and implications for housing policy at city and national levels.